Plots And Theme

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Theme means any message or idea it may have. Let's talk more about plot first. There are many ways to make your plots really interesting. You don't have to use all these ways at the same time. They're like tools for your kitchen or garden. Just use the ones that will help you do that job best. Here are some plot tools to think about.

Jerry Flattum explores the varying plot types, story types, themes and genres to help you write a marketable screenplay. Click to tweet this article to your friends and followers! When an idea is born for a script, at first it doesn't matter what kind of story it is. How to plot a good story. Choose a theme from our selection of plot generators. Give us some keywords to play with or let us prompt some ideas at random. We automatically create a plot, title and a cover for your novel or film.

Main Difference

The main difference between Plot and Theme is that the Plot is the order or arrangement of events and situations, whereas the basic message or impression carried through writing is Theme.

Plot vs. Theme

A plot is known as synonymous with the storyline, whereas the theme is the main thought or idea. The plot is a turn into a story; on the other hand, the theme talks about the problems of the story. The plot is an essential literary component in a story; on the flip side, a theme in an artist’s exertion or an idea that the artist or writer improves or recaps.

The plot is a structured element in a story, whereas the theme is unstructured. The plot, as an overall, starts from the beginning of the story and ends when the tail ends; on the contrary, themes are important and beautiful decorations that arrange the whole concept of the literary work.

Comparison Chart

What is Plot?

The plot is a noun taken from Old English. The plot of a film, novel, or play is a linked sequence of occurrences to making up or invent the story.

The action that appears or happens with the characters, what they will do, where they will go, and when they will make an appearance are all the parts of a plot. When a plot becomes a mixture of several complicated plots, then it is known as an ‘imbroglio.’

Elements

• Exposition: Exposition is the introduction of the tail. It introduces the hero, setting, and other main characters.
• Rising Action: Rising action starts with the conflict. It consists of the build-up actions from the overview of the conflict, until the climax.
• Climax: Climax is the spinning point or the highest of the story. The contention of the story is in full swing in the climax. Climax created the highest interest and emotions.
• Falling Action: falling action consists of the actions that lead to the ending. The fight starts to fix in falling action.
• Resolution: Resolution symbols the conclusion or outcome of the story. The clash is set, and the tale achieves either a happy or sad ending.

What is Theme?

The word Theme is derived from ‘Latin language.’ The theme may be a central message or insight, carried through a piece of writing. Any piece of writing, no matter it is artificial, has a theme.

The theme in fiction is not accurate; the writer doesn’t directly state the theme; he only gives us cue about the story. It is upon the readers to read and recognize the theme of the story. In a literary concept, a theme has two categorizations of ‘thematic statement and thematic concept.’

The writer plans the thematic statement, and the readers decided the thematic concept or idea. Themes frequently copy the particular views of the writer or readers. Different people get different themes according to their perceptions.

It is possible that a text has multiple themes, but mostly books consist of a central theme. You can easily found central them as a recurring idea throughout the book. There are two types of a theme, ‘major theme and minor theme.’

The theme is considered to be global; it can be taken out of a text and applied to other texts. You can also express the theme in one sentence, and sometimes in a single word. A theme in imagination is not clear. Here writer only gives us evidence about the story.

Theme highlights the topic or message of the writer and director that what he wants to impart to his readers or viewers. Different writers have different styles in bringing the theme of a story. Many use different figures of speech to express their ideas more effectively, like similes, metaphors, and personification, amongst others.

Examples

• Shakespeare’s Othello – jealous
• Austen’s Sense and Sensibility – the danger of excessive sensibility
• Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby – society and class, love.
• Some others are of abortion, war, and revenge, etc.

Key Differences

1. The plot is the main message of a novel or a story, whereas the theme is the complete description of a novel.
2. The plot is what one would expect to emerge into a narrative; on the other hand, the theme is unexpected to emerge into a description.
3. The plot is not an underlying topic or message; conversely, the theme is an underlying topic or message.
4. The plot is mostly unidirectional and linear approaches; on the flip side, themes are not unidirectional and have no linear approaches.
5. In a story, there may be numerous plots, but it has one theme.
6. Writers refer plot as a complex form; on the other hand, theme as a simple form.

Conclusion

Both the plot and the theme are confused and important literary devices. The plot is an overall detail of a novel, and the theme is the ornaments of the novel.

• Customize the appearance of the plot background
• Use a custom theme

This R tutorial describes how to change the look of a plot theme (background color, panel background color and grid lines) using R software and ggplot2 package. You’ll also learn how to use the base themes of ggplot2 and to create your own theme.

Related Book:

ToothGrowth data is used :

Make sure that the variable dose is converted as a factor using the above R script.

Several functions are available in ggplot2 package for changing quickly the theme of plots :

• theme_gray : gray background color and white grid lines
• theme_bw : white background and gray grid lines

ggplot2 background color, theme_gray and theme_bw, R programming

• theme_linedraw : black lines around the plot
• theme_light : light gray lines and axis (more attention towards the data)

ggplot2 background color, theme_linedraw and theme_light, R programming

• theme_minimal: no background annotations
• theme_classic : theme with axis lines and no grid lines

ggplot2 background color, theme_minimal and theme_classic, R programming

• theme_void: Empty theme, useful for plots with non-standard coordinates or for drawings
• theme_dark(): Dark background designed to make colours pop out

ggplot2 background color, theme_void and theme_dark, R programming

The functions theme_xx() can take the two arguments below :

• base_size : base font size (to change the size of all plot text elements)
• base_family : base font family

The size of all the plot text elements can be easily changed at once :

ggplot2 background color, font size, R programming

Note that, the function theme_set() changes the theme for the entire session.

The function theme() is used to control non-data parts of the graph including :

• Line elements : axis lines, minor and major grid lines, plot panel border, axis ticks background color, etc.
• Text elements : plot title, axis titles, legend title and text, axis tick mark labels, etc.
• Rectangle elements : plot background, panel background, legend background, etc.

There is a specific function to modify each of these three elements :

• element_line() to modify the line elements of the theme
• element_text() to modify the text elements
• element_rect() to change the appearance of the rectangle elements

Note that, each of the theme elements can be removed using the function element_blank()

Change the colors of the plot panel background and the grid lines

1. The functions theme() and element_rect() are used for changing the plot panel background color :

• fill : the fill color for the rectangle
• colour, color : border color
• size : border size

2. The appearance of grid lines can be changed using the function element_line() as follow :

• colour, color : line color
• size : line size
• linetype : line type. Line type can be specified using either text (“blank”, “solid”, “dashed”, “dotted”, “dotdash”, “longdash”, “twodash”) or number (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Note that linetype = “solid” is identical to linetype=1. The available line types in R are described here : Line types in R software
• lineend : line end. Possible values for line end are : “round”, “butt” or “square”

The R code below illustrates how to modify the appearance of the plot panel background and grid lines :

ggplot2 background color, grid lines, R programming

Remove plot panel borders and grid lines

It is possible to hide plot panel borders and grid lines with the function element_blank() as follow :

ggplot2 background color, remove plot panel border, remove grid lines, R programming

Change the plot background color (not the panel)

You can change the entire appearance of a plot by using a custom theme. Jeffrey Arnold has implemented the library ggthemes containing several custom themes.

To use these themes install and load ggthemes package as follow :

ggthemes package provides many custom themes and scales for ggplot.

theme_tufte : a minimalist theme

theme_economist : theme based on the plots in the economist magazine

Note that, the function scale_fill_economist() are also available.

theme_stata: theme based on Stata graph schemes.

The stata theme color scales can be used as follow :

The allowed values for the argument scheme are one of “s2color”, “s1rcolor”, “s1color”, or “mono”.

theme_wsj: theme based on plots in the Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal color and fill scales are :

The color palette to use can be one of “rgby”, “red_green”, “black_green”, “dem_rep”, “colors6”.

theme_calc : theme based on LibreOffice Calc

These themes are based on the defaults in Google Docs and LibreOffice Calc, respectively.

theme_hc : theme based on Highcharts JS

1. You can change the theme for the current R session using the function theme_set() as follow :

2. You can extract and modify the R code of theme_gray :

Note that, the function rel() modifies the size relative to the base size

This analysis has been performed using R software (ver. 3.2.4) and ggplot2 (ver. 2.1.0)

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Plot And Theme Activities

Plot And Theme Worksheets